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Media and readers of
my articles about atomic
bombs 1945,
moon
trips 1969,
M/S Estonia
ferry incident
1994 and 911
tower top down terrorist
collapses
2001 are warned. You probably suffer from
cognitive
dissonance
and cannot handle my information without getting
mentally disturbed with serious
consequences. My proven
facts are simple and correct and good news. A-bombs
do not work. Humans cannot travel to the
Moon. M/S Estonia didn't lose her bow visor.
Skyscrapers do not collapse from top down.
All information to the contrary is pseudoscience,
propaganda lies or fantasies promoted by
media and taught at universities. And
if you do not agree with the official lies, you
will not be allowed at the university boat race*
and other silly events, etc. Your position in
society is at risk. If you suffer from
cognitive
dissonance,
you no doubt find my info disturbing and get upset,
angry, anxious or worried. What to believe and
write? Old lies or truth? Media incl.
newspaper chief editors are kindly requested to get
psychological assistance to get rid of their
cognitive
dissonance.
Why not cure yourself? And publish the result
as a scoop. *Safety at sea is
my business The Anders
Björkman Challenge 3 (since
May, 2016 - updated 25 December 2021 and
23 June 2023) We are told
that It sounds nice
but has not been demonstrated
in a laboratory on Earth ever
and here is more: It is a nice idea
but can it occur? We will know ... maybe ...
2035. IAEA
has ideas about fusion! The
fusion reaction here on Earth
apparently takes place at
150.000.000°
C in a plasma fixed by
electromagnetic field forces inside a reactor that
produces energy or heat ... at
150.000.000°
C. |
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Then Tritium atoms (Hydrogen with two extra neutrons) fuse with Deuterium atoms (Hydrogen with one extra neutron) to form Helium, while releasing energy that is recovered and free neutrons that are just flying away to become other subatomic particles. No CO2 or similar pollution! Evidently fusion on Earth is impossible. You cannot create the high temperatures and high pressures on Earth, so that Hydrogen atoms fuse into Helium atoms. And even if you can, it will not explode! Fusion is not explosive! Only place I know where fusion happens is the Sun and it does note explode! But there are plenty paid actors/clowns/pseudoscientists stating the opposite, of course, to collect money for participating in the hoax. "At the point of criticality, the nuclear fission chain reaction became self-sustaining and began to emit intense gamma and neutron radiation, triggering alarms. There was no explosion, though fission products were progressively released inside the building. The significance of it being a wet process was that the water in the solution provided neutron moderation, expediting the reaction.
"The criticality continued intermittently for about 20 hours. It appears that as the solution boiled vigorously, voids formed and criticality ceased, but as it cooled and voids disappeared, the reaction resumed. The reaction was stopped when cooling water surrounding the precipitation tank was drained away, since this water provided a neutron reflector. Boric acid solution (neutron absorber) was finally added to the tank to ensure that the contents remained subcritical." … "The peak radiation level 90 metres away just outside the nearest site boundary was 0.84 mSv/h of gamma radiation, but no neutron levels were measured at that stage. The gamma reading then dropped to about half that level after nine hours at which stage 4.5 mSv/h of neutron radiation was measured there, falling to about 3 mSv/h after a further two hours, and then both readings falling to zero (or background for gamma) at 20 hours from the start of the criticality." …
There are many projects to build a prototype nuclear fusion reactor, e.g. ITER (International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor) at Cadarache, France, Stellarator Wendelstein 7-X at Greifswald, Germany, ARC at MIT, Cambridge/Boston, USA, Lockheed Martin (compact fusion), Beteshda, Maryland, USA, KSTAR, Korea, etc, etc. The work of the ITER Organization is supervised by a governing body, the ITER Council. The members of the ITER Council change all the time! The Science and Technology Advisory Committee (STAC) advises the ITER Council on science and technology issues that arise during the course of ITER construction and operation, even if operations have not yet started. Members of the Committee are chosen for their outstanding technical qualifications and experience. Who they are is really not known, as they too change all the time! ITER will cost €18.000.000.000 - 20.000.000.000:- to produce its first kWh by say 2027. Then the annual running cost will be only €230.000.000:-/year until 2035/40, when the ITER-reactor can produce 10 kWh with an input of of only 1 kWh. The plan is that ITER shall produce 500 megawatt ... 2058? Nobody knows! ITER will be the first fusion reactor fully designed for Deuterium-Tritium Operation. Commissioning will happen in three phases: hydrogen operation, followed by deuterium operation, and finally full deuterium-tritium operation. When this so called Deuterium-Tritium Operation can start ... is not known! Fusion research, and the role of ITER, has been subject to serious scrutiny [sic] by panels of independent experts [sic] established by funding agencies in Europe and most of the other ITER partners. The results of these investigations provide the most reliable measure of consensus in the scientific community. Why it will take 10 years
to go from First Plasma 2025 to
Deuterium-Tritium Operation 2035 nobody knows. And
when will cheap electricity production start? Nobody
knows. One guess is
2056! No project has so
far managed to produce any electricity by
nuclear fusion. It is suggested that
the plasma has been or will be
created inside these reactors but there is no
information how to transform
energy/heat at
150.000.000°.C
and 1 bar in a plasma to, e.g. steam
at ~585° C and 185 bar for a suitable,
old fashioned steam
turbine
driving two electric generators producing say 250
MW each. It
is suggested
that the 150.000.000°.C
heat in the plasma is transferred
into a working
fluid
that is or turns into steam, driving electric
generators as per figure found on the Internet
right. The working fluid is heated to unknown
temperature in coils in the fusion reactor wall and
carried outside to a mysterious heat transfer
process tank, where apparently steam is
produced driving the electrical generator nearby.
The steam condensate (?) returns to the heat
transfer process tank and back to the coils in
the fusion reactor wall. Bettina Stark Watzinger has a German solution of the World's energy problems - fusion!! Bettina is supported by German Siemens and German Trumpf. So soon, July 2023, the energy problems of the World ar solved by fusion and Bettina! It is an old story. The Joint European Torus, or JET, was an operational magnetically confined plasma physics experiment, located at Culham Centre for Fusion Energy in Oxfordshire, UK. It never worked! Between 2009 and 2011, JET was shut down to rebuild many of its parts, to adopt concepts being used in the development of the ITER project in Saint-Paul-lès-Durance, in Provence, southern France. ITER's thermonuclear fusion reactor will use over 300MW of electrical power to cause the plasma to absorb 50 MW of thermal power, creating 500 MW of heat from fusion for periods of 400 to 600 seconds. This would mean a ten-fold gain of plasma heating power (Q), as measured by heating input to thermal output. It will maybe start 2035? Read on! It is a big joke! As of 2021, the record for energy production using nuclear fusion is held by the American National Ignition Facility reactor, which achieved a Q of 0.70 in August 2021. Imagine that! Beyond just heating the plasma, the total electricity consumed by the US reactor and facilities will range from 110 MW up to 620 MW peak for 30-second periods during plasma operation. As a research reactor, the heat energy generated will not be converted to electricity, but simply vented. The National Ignition Facility reactor is just another name of the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory that has a mission of strengthening the United States’ security by developing and applying world-class science, technology and engineering that: Enhances the nation’s defense. So far 2022 it has only produced a lot of nonsense propaganda. Culham Centre for Fusion Energy (CCFE) is the UK's national laboratory for fusion research. CCFE (formerly known as UKAEA Culham) is based at Culham Science Centre in Oxfordshire, and is owned and operated by the United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority has answered the question "When can we expect electricity generated from fusion to be available?" as follows: "Experimental fusion machines [sic] have now produced fusion powers [sic] of more than ten megawatts. A new machine [sic] under construction, called ITER, will be capable of producing 500 megawatts of fusion power. ITER is expected [sic] to start operating in the early 2020s. Although it will be on the scale needed for a power station, there will still be technological issues [sic] to address to produce steady, reliable electricity, so it is anticipated that a prototype power station will be needed after ITER. Electricity generation is expected in 30 to 40 years, depending on funding and technical progress [sic]. The reply is misleading as ITER was February 2019 delayed many, many years with enormous cost overruns due to incompetent project management under M. Bernard Bigot and will produce no plasma until December 2025, if, if, if, and does not even include a steam generation and or electricity generation plant. At ITER any cooling water taken from the little Canal de Provence will just be dumped into the small Durance river.You wonder why they didn't add a steam/electricity plant. Reason is that ITER cannot produce heat continuously; only temporarily until it cannot be cooled down after say ... ~30 seconds of plasma. However ITER already 2019 faced the risk of disruptions, i.e. sudden events that can halt the fusion reaction and damage the tokamak that houses it. The risk of disruptions is particularly great for ITER, we are told by an interested party. ITER's dense, high-power discharges of plasma, the state of matter that fuels fusion reactions, will make it difficult for current gas-propelled methods of mitigation to penetrate deeply enough into the highly energetic ITER plasma to take good effect. On ITER, mitigation is desired in less than 20 milliseconds, or thousands of a second, from the warning of a disruption, with 10 milliseconds as ideal. A device called an "electromagnetic particle injector" (EPI) can maybe reduce the risk of disruptions! An EPI, is a type of railgun that fires a high-velocity projectile from a pair of electrified rails into the plasma on the verge of disruption. The projectile, called a "sabot," releases a payload of material into the centre of the plasma that radiates, or spreads out, the energy stored in the plasma, reducing its impact on the interior of the tokamak. Tests of the EPI prototype in the USA show that it can deliver a payload of correctly sized particles in fewer than 10 milliseconds, compared with 30 milliseconds for gas-propelled systems. Isn't it fantastic what fantasies (con)fusion scientists can invent? General Fusion is a US company founded 2002 with plenty of fusion experts: 21 men and 1 woman at the top with a 70 persons Magnetized Target Fusion team with only 5-6 women. They have not been able to collect €1 M from me, as follows: In order to assist with better knowledge, less con-fusion and real technical progress the Anders Björkman Challenge 3 is to explain and show that a fusion reactor can in fact produce electricity continously, incl. how to get started. How do you, e.g, heat the interior to 150.000.000°.C, so that hydrogen atoms can fuse without the whole reactor melting? And then, how do you continuously transfer this heat/energy to finally become steam at say ~585° C. The first person describing how to transform energy at 150.000.000°.C plasma to steam at ~585° C and 185 bar and actually does it and produces electricity continuously wins €1.000.000:-. Send your entry (detailed descriptions of the steam plant incl. the fusion part and where the electric generator can be seen - 2056?) to Anders Björkman, 6 rue Victor Hugo, F 06 240 Beausoleil, France, anders.bjorkman@wanadoo.fr Money is evidently available at the bank (if I am alive then at 110). The award will be paid by bank transfer. By December 2021 there is no application received! If you wanted to visit the ITER plant 2018 there was only two days possible - 20 or 30 July 2018. I was booked 20 July but didn't go to avoid embarrassing the staff. But today more visits are possible. The International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor, ITER at Cadarache, Southern France, had its origin in an agreement between the POTUS (Reagan) and the head of state of the USSR (Gorbatchev) 1985 to develop fusion research together. Other countries like China, India, Japan, South Korea and the European Union joined 1996 and 2005 it was agreed to build a machine [sic], where fusion (plasma) could be created and 2006 the partners signed an agreement to this effect. The total cost for the machine was €5 000 million to be ready 2016. 2010 construction started. Already 2013 it was clear that the original plan and budget were not realistic. 2016 it was announced that the machine would cost €19 000 million to be ready for a simple test (say 1 second) December, 2026, and 2035 for full power plasma test (30 seconds)! Reasons are, apart from the normal incompetent project management and corruption, that the project employs plenty physicists that cannot find well paid jobs in the equally corrupt nuclear weapons and human space travel industries not to forget the atomic particle research business and that the machine will melt after 30 seconds with plasma inside. But there are 2021 a new Challenger - Korean KSTAR! KSTAR is the world's next-generation superconducting tokamak nuclear fusion research device for the development of fusion energy, I am told. December 24, 2020 Korean artificial sun set the new world record of 20-sec-long operation at only 100 million degrees. The Korea Superconducting Tokamak Advanced Research (KSTAR), a superconducting fusion device also known as the Korean artificial sun, set the new world record as it succeeded in maintaining the high temperature plasma for 20 seconds with an ion temperature over 100 million degrees (Celsius). Fantastic Fake News! A month before November 24 the KSTAR Research Center at the Korea Institute of Fusion Energy (KFE) announced that in a joint research with the Seoul National University (SNU) and Columbia University of the United States, it succeeded in continuous operation of plasma for 20 seconds with an ion-temperature (ROTFL) higher than 100 million degrees, which is one of the core conditions of nuclear fusion in the 2020 KSTAR Plasma Campaign. But where is the evidence? To re-create fusion reactions that occur in the sun on Earth, hydrogen isotopes must be placed inside a fusion device like KSTAR to create a plasma state where ions and electrons are separated, and ions must be heated and maintained at high temperatures, I am told again and again. But how to heat an ion? The final goal of the KSTAR is, however, to succeed in a continuous operation of 300 seconds with an ion temperature higher than 100 million degrees by 2025. Very well. But what is to be heated up to 100 million degrees and what shall you do then with it. Cool it down? Produce electricity? Stop climate warming, Save the world? No answers as usual. Just Fake News as usual. The whole thing is thus a fraud or hoax to keep a few people and many PhDs employed ... like in the a-bomb and human space trips to Moon/Mars projects.
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